PSU's are government-owned corporations or state-owned enterprises created by the Government of India to undertake commercial activities on behalf of government. Several Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) under the aegis of Government of India regularly provide tremendous employment opportunities in various technical and management areas.

MAHARATNA PSU's:

Maharatna is the status given to top public sector enterprises where the companies have the authority to make foreign investments of upto Rs 5,000 crores without taking any government approval. To be qualified as Maharatna, the company should gain an annual net profit of over Rs. 5,000 crores, net worth of Rs. 15,000 crores and turnover of Rs. 25,000 crores over past three consecutive years. At present the companies which have Maharatna status are: SAIL, ONGC, NTPC, CIL and IOCL.

NAVRATNA PSU's:

Navratna status is conferred to the companies by the Department of Public Enterprises. To be qualified as a Navratna, the company must obtain a score of 60 out of 100. The score is based on six parameters which include net profit to net worth, total manpower cost to total cost of production or cost of services, PBDIT (Profit before depreciation, interest and taxes) to capital employed, PBDIT to turnover, EPS (Earning per Share) and inter-sectoral performance. Additionally, a company must first be a Miniratna and have four independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna. The Navratna status gives privileges to enhance financial and operational autonomy and empowers to invest up to Rs. 1000 crores or 15% of their net worth on a single project without seeking government approval. In a year, these companies can spend up to 30% of their net worth not exceeding Rs. 1000 crores. They will also have the freedom to enter joint ventures, form alliances and float subsidiaries abroad.

Maharatna CPSEs

1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
2. Coal India Limited
3. GAIL (India) Limited
4. Indian Oil Corporation Limited
5. NTPC Limited
6. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited
7. Steel Authority of India Limited

Navratna CPSEs

1. Bharat Electronics Limited
2. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
3. Container Corporation of India Limited
4. Engineers India Limited
5. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
6. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
7. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
8. National Aluminium Company Limited
9. National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited
10. NMDC Limited
11. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
12. Oil India Limited
13. Power Finance Corporation Limited
14. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
15. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
16. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
17. Shipping Corporation of India Limited

Miniratna Category - I CPSEs

1. Airports Authority of India
2. Antrix Corporation Limited
3. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited
4. Bharat Coking Coal Limited
5. Bharat Dynamics Limited
6. BEML Limited
7. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
8. Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited
9. Central Warehousing Corporation
10. Central Coalfields Limited
11. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
12. Cochin Shipyard Limited
13. Dredging Corporation of India Limited
14. Kamarajar Port Limited
15. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited
16. Goa Shipyard Limited
17. Hindustan Copper Limited
18. HLL Lifecare Limited
19. Hindustan Newsprint Limited
20. Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited
21. Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited
22. India Tourism Development Corporation Limited
23. Indian Rare Earths Limited
24. Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited
25. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited
26. India Trade Promotion Organisation
27. IRCON International Limited
28. KIOCL Limited
29. Mazagaon Dock Limited
30. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
31. Manganese Ore (India) Limited
32. Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited
33. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
34. MMTC Limited
35. MSTC Limited
36. National Fertilizers Limited
37. National Seeds Corporation Limited
38. NHPC Limited
39. Northern Coalfields Limited
40. North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited
41. Numaligarh Refinery Limited
42. ONGC Videsh Limited
43. Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited
44. Projects & Development India Limited
45. Railtel Corporation of India Limited
46. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited
47. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited
48. RITES Limited
49. SJVN Limited
50. Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
51. South Eastern Coalfields Limited
52. State Trading Corporation of India Limited
53. Telecommunications Consultants India Limited
54. THDC India Limited
55. Western Coalfields Limited
56. WAPCOS Limited

Miniratna Category-II CPSEs

57. Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited
58. Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited
59. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited
60. Central Railside Warehouse Company Limited
61. Ed.CIL (India) Limited
62. Engineering Projects (India) Limited
63. FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited
64. Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited
65. HMT (International) Limited
66. HSCC (India) Limited
67. Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited
68. M E C O N Limited
69. Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited
70. National Film Development Corporation Limited
71. National Small Industries Corporation Limited
72. P E C Limited
73. Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited